Estonia External Trade March 2008

The rate of increase in Estonias exports fells back again in March, with exports rising at an annual 2 percent rate compared with an annual 8% increase in February. Not entirely unexpectedly imports plummeted over March 2007 (though they were running at the highest level since last November), falling at a 10 percent annual rate.

In March 2008 the share of the EU countries was 73% and the share of CIS countries accounted for 12% of the total exports (in the previous year 70% and 12%, respectively). Compared to the previous year, exports of goods to EU countries increased 7%, but to CIS countries decreased 4%. The main countries of destination were Finland, Sweden and Latvia.

In total imports the share of the EU countries was 81% and that of CIS countries 11% (in the previous year 76% and 16%, respectively). Imports from the EU countries decreased 3% and from CIS countries even 38% compared to March 2007. The biggest decrease was in the imports from Russia and Finland (by 1 and 0.3 billion kroons, respectively). The most important partners in imports were Finland, Germany and Sweden.

Estonia's trade deficit widened in March to 3.3 billion kroon ($330 million) compared with 3.0 billion krooni inFebruary, the first increase since December, although the deficit was down by 1.7 billion kroon on the 5 billion kroon deficit registered in March 2007.



Weakening exports will obviously compound the problems Estonia faces after GDP growth slowed to an annual 0.4 percent in the first quarter. With domestic demand shrinking, export strength is now the key issue. Since energy imports will remain a significant drag it is going to be hard work reducing the deficit while oil prices are so high, and GDP growth is really produced by the excess of exports over imports. So at the moment things look pretty difficult on all fronts.

Estonia Wage Increases in Q1 2008

Wages in Estonia, which has the fourth-fastest inflation in the European Union, rose by 19.5 percent in the first quarter, adding to concerns of about the hardness of the ``hard landing'' which is now underway. The increase is slightly less than the 20.1 percent wage growth recorded in the fourth quarter, but only slightly so, and the Estonian economy is certainly not correcting from its excesses anyhting like fast enough.




Wage growth in the central government sector rose 23.8 Percent, and 25.9 percent in local governments, reflecting growth in among other areas teachers' salaries. Wage growth was the slowest, at 10.7 percent, in transport, with property industry wages rising 15.7 percent and manufacturing wages up 16.3 percent, the statistics office said.

The inflation rate, which hit a 10-year high in April, and more conservative lending by banks have cut consumption and cooled the housing market, with economic expansion almost stalling to 0.4 percent annual growth in the first quarter, the slowest rate in the EU, compared with 4.8 percent in the fourth quarter and 10.1 percent a year earlier.



Rising wages, boosted by labor shortages during the economic boom from joining the EU in 2004, and an outflow of workers to wealthier member states are undermining the competitiveness of companies who sent products abroad. With domestic demand shrinking, export strength is a key to any future growth when it returns, the central bank and the International Monetary Fund warned this week, but I fear the tightness of the labour market may prevent any rapid and "natural" correction to this situation.

Of course real wages are now rising much less rapidly than previously due to the rapid increase in inflation, but that is scarcely a consolation in this situation.

Latvia Unemployment April 2008 - Where's The Correction Mechanism?

According to data from the Latvian State Labour Board, Latvian unemployment in April was at 52,897 (or an umployment rate of 4.8%) this was up from 52,806 in March, but only slightly (93 people to be exact, although obviously there are seasonal factors to take into account here. But this figure was still substantially down from the 67,154 (by about 14,350 people) registered in March 2007. Given that the Latvian economy is contracting I think this result is significant.




and the unemployment rate has been dropping steadily.




And the picture doesn't change substantially if you look at unemployment using the EU harmonised methodology. According to Eurostat unemployment in Latvia was running at 4.6% in March 2007 and 4.5% in March 2008, ie it is still down year on year, even though GDP was growing at a strong rate a year ago and is contracting now.

The economy has gone into recession without generating sugnificant unemployment. Of course the labour market does follow movements in GDP with a lag, and we still haven't had the "hard landing", but still, this is a surprising result.

It also helps explain why the rate of wage growth - according to the laytest data we have which is for the last quarter of last year - has't slowed dramatically, although it may now do so.



The position isn't that different in Estonia, since according to the latest data from the Estonian Labour Market board the rate of unemployment in April was still incredibly low there too - running at 2.7% - with only 17,098 people registered at the employment offices. Using the EU hrmonised methodology, the rate is rather higher - some 5.5% in March which is the latest data we have from Eurostat - but to get a comparison this is not up enormously from the 4.9% rate recorded in March 2007 using the same methodology. ie on whichever measure you use unemployment has risen, but not that much, at this point, which would explain in part why wage rises have been so stubborn in coming down in terms of their annual rate. There simply is not that much "surplus labour capacity" in Estonia, and this is of course part of the whole inflation - and now stagnation - issue.




Basically I hate to be a bore, or "party spoiler" at this point, but this is the issue that has been worrying me from the start about the whole Baltics situation, the absence of the ability of the labour market - due to years of very low fertility and substantial out-migration - to correct during a recession.

Without getting too theoretical here, there simply is no homeostatic mechanism to fall back on here to guarantee stability. Since the cohorts leaving the labour force at the upper end are going to be consistently bigger than those enetering at the bottom, there is no build up of surplus labour in the "deposit" during the slowdown.

Leaving aside the length of the present slowdown and its possible severity, we are left with the very unfortunate situation that when growth eventually does start to pick up again, there may be very little surplus labour capacity available to fuel the growth, and logically inflation would then simply start to shoot up yet one more time. Basically I would say that finding a longer term solution to this problem is now one of the most urgent questions facing the Latvian (and Estonian, and Lithuanian) government.

Estonia Producer Prices and Unemployment April 2008

The prices of goods leaving Estonian factories and mines rose at an annual 7.2 percent rate in April, which was the slowest rate in 13 months. Producer-price growth, which is an early indicator of future movements in consumer inflation, slowed from an 8 percent rate in March, according to data released by the Estonian statistics office earlier today. Prices rose a monthly 0.8 percent, which was up when compared with a 0.1 percent rise registered in March.



Looking at the above chart the downward trend is now clear. Declining domestic demand is undoubtedly forcing companies to tighten up on cost inflation and this is surely slowing down the rate of wage-cost growth from the more than 20 percent registered last year. The Estonian economy, which was the European Union's second fastest-growing in 2006, slowed to an annual rate of 0.4 percent in the first quarter, the EU's slowest, according to preliminary data, compared with 4.8 percent in the fourth quarter, as consumption shrank and the housing boom cooled.


In April 2008 the percentage change in the export price index was 0.4% compared to March 2008 and 5.2% compared to April 2007, while the percentage change in the import price index was 0.7% compared to March 2008 and 5.5% compared to April 2007.




In separate data - confirming the decline in domestic demand - the Estonian Statistics office reported that in the 1st quarter of 2008 8,900 purchase-sale transactions in real estate had a total value of 9.4 billion kroons and that the number and total value of transactions decreased compared to the previous quarter, as well as to the corresponding quarter of the previous year.

The recession that started on the real estate market in 2007 thus continued in the 1st quarter of 2008. The total number of notarised purchase-sale contracts decreased more than a third compared to the 1st quarter of the previous year and by about a fifth compared to the previous quarter. The total value of purchase-sale contracts decreased by about a half compared to the corresponding quarter of the previous year and by a quarter compared to the previous quarter.


According to the latest data from the Estonian Labour Market board the rate of unemployment in April was still incredibly low - running at 2.7% - with only 17,098 people registered at the employment offices. Using the EU hrmonised methodology, the rate is rather higher - some 5.5% in March which is the latest data we have from Eurostat - but to get a comparison this is not up enormously from the 4.9% rate recorded in March 2007 using the same methodology. ie on whichever measure you use unemployment has risen, but not that much, at this point, which would explain in part why wage rises have been so stubborn in coming down in terms of their annual rate. There simply is not that much "surplus labour capacity" in Estonia, and this is of course part of the whole inflation - and now stagnation - issue.